Research: Union narratives of migrant workers in Canada

Jason Foster has recently published an article about union leaders’ reactions to the growing number of temporary foreign workers in Canada. “From “Canadians First” to “Workers Unite”: Evolving Union Narratives of Migrant Workers” was published in Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations and the summary is:

Federal government policy changes in the early 2000s led to the rapid expansion of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) Program by increasing the number of eligible occupations. Before the expansion few trade unions in Canada had interaction with TFWs, but with the new rules, and the high profile political debate that ensued, unions were forced to confront the issue of migrant workers directly for the first time. Using narrative analysis, the paper examines media statements from union officials between 2006 to 2012 to track the narratives constructed by unions regarding TFWs. It finds three temporally sequential narrative arcs: 1-prioritizing of Canadian workers’ interests and portrayal of TFWs as employer pawns; 2-TFWs as vulnerable workers needing union advocacy for their employment and human rights; and 3-post-economic crisis conflicted efforts to integrate Canadian and TFW interests. The changing narratives reflect evolving union reaction to the issue of growing use of TFWs, as well as interaction with external political and economic contexts shaping the issue. 

The study examines how unions understand challenging new issues. The results suggest union discourses are shaped by the tension between internal pressures and external contexts. They also suggest that leaders’ responsibility to represent members can sometimes clash with unions’ broader values of social justice. Unions build internal value structures that inform their understanding of an issue, but they must also reflect members’ demands and concerns, even if those concerns may not reflect social justice values. The case study reveals the line between “business union” and “social union” philosophy is fluid, contested and context dependent. The paper also links union narratives of TFWs in this contemporary setting to labour’s historical attitude toward immigration and race, finding elements of both continuity and disruption.

Overall, this is an interesting paper that sheds light on how the trade unionist response to TFWs developed over time and how unionists’ positions in 2012 were constrained by internal pressures, external context and their own past response to TFWs. It also suggests that business-social union distinction is, perhaps, hazier than we often discuss, a theme Jason is developing in his ongoing research.

-- Bob Barnetson